![]() ![]() Within a month, Poland had been divided between two occupational forces, and their joint victory parade was held in Brest-Litovsk. See also: Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, German–Soviet Frontier Treaty, Occupation of Poland (1939–1945), History of Poland (1939–1945), German–Soviet military parade in Brest-Litovsk, and Gestapo–NKVD conferences German and Soviet army officers pictured shaking hands Invasion of Poland, September 1939įollowing 1 September 1939 invasion of Poland from the west by Germany, the Soviets attacked from the east on 17 September in accordance with the terms of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, a secret non-aggression agreement signed in August. German-Soviet partitioning of Poland and cooperation (September 1939 – June 1941) These crimes were committed in occupied Poland on a tremendous scale, unparalleled elsewhere in Europe. In subsequent years, the crime of genocide was elevated to a distinct, fourth category. For the first time in history, these three categories of crimes were defined after the end of the war in international law as violations of fundamental human values and norms, regardless of internal (local) law or the obligation to follow superior orders. Most were civilians killed by the actions of Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, the Lithuanian Security Police, as well as the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and its offshoots (the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, the Self-defense Kushch Units and the Ukrainian People's Revolutionary Army).Īt the International Military Tribunal held in Nuremberg, Germany, in 1945–46, three categories of wartime criminality were juridically established: waging a war of aggression war crimes and crimes against humanity. Around six million Polish citizens are estimated to have perished during World War II.
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